Pre-production
In the pre-production process it is a very important step to making a moving image production.
We have produced a 90 second film for our depict task. Depict is a website which gives filmmakers a platform to get their work out there. Our idea for the depict task is the idea of not having an identity, that everyone is different. We showed this by putting everybody in plain white masks which shows that they are all seen as the same but one person paints on their mask to make them different from everybody else. We distributed it via YouTube. We need to do pre-production because it allows us to know what we need to do like what the storyline is about and how we are going to represent it. What type of film we are going to do like stop motion, animation, silent movie or a film with dialog. In the pre-production we also create a storyboard to allow us to visually see what each shot is going to be like. It also allows us to see if the shot will be a pan or a static shot. We create a date sheet to make it clear what scenes we are going to film on that day and it also helps us stick to a deadline so we don’t run over the date. In pre-production we also had to fill out a location recce to show that we can film on that location if it is someone’s house or property, if you are film in the street or a public area you don’t need to get permission to film there. We also need to get permission from actors if they are a minor. Pre-production is needed in the filming process because it helps us have the right permission to film in locations, have actors, have the right props and costumes, camera equipment and have the right staff.
Types of production
There are different media product like stop motion animation, clay animation, cartoon animation/CGI, TV soaps, documentaries, drama, S.I.T com, adverts, media / film. Some examples of these moving images is cartoon animation is Brave by Disney, clay animation is Wallace and Gromit by Nick Park of Aardman Animations and Drama movie the titanic by James Cameron. For Brave and titanic they were distributed via the cinema, adverts via social media and posters. But for Wallace and Gromit they created four short movies and one feature length film because it mainly a British tv films they didn’t go mainstream so they were distributed via the BBC TV. There is multiple way of distributing short film or movie. You can distribute it via social media like YouTube or depict which is a platform for creators to get their work out there. They could also distributed their work via DVD or via the cinema and then getting it put on DVD. Some producers think it would be a better idea to go straight onto DVD and completely miss going into the cinema but others like marvel know that people would go into cinema to see their movies so it is a better investment for them to put their movies into cinema.
Funding
To produce a film there needs to be a source of finance funding because it’s not free to create a film. There are costs involved, examples of what will cost an production is props/costume, hair and makeup, SFX, explosions, green screens, locations which also includes getting residents for the actors, stunt doubles and crew members, sets/staging, paying the actors, loaning equipment like cameras, sound and lighting, cranes/ technicians, runners and dolly runners. These can be funded by production companies, private investors, Hollywood productions, crowdfunding, sponsors, self-funding, public money, organisations, national lottery, BFI (British Film Institute). The BFI and funded movies like sunshine on Leith. Wallace and Gromit was funded by DreamWorks animation and Aardman Animations. It is big in british tv but it didn’t go further afield. An example of a self-funded movie is the Blair witch project, this mean that they couldn’t have a big crew or fanatic filming equipment so they had Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sanchez write, direct and edit the film. They entered their film into Sundance Film Festival due to its successful run at Sundance; Artisan Entertainment brought the distribution right to the film for $1.1 million which was released in North America and reached a wider audience gaining it success. Disney is a big company which produces and invests in loads of different films and film companies like marvels. They have broughts rights to the marvels films. This is why there is a lot of advertisement and for them to go into cinema and then on dvds because they know that they will break even and make a profit.
Requirements
We had to obtain our Depict project by making sure we had the masks, paints to paint the masks, paintbrushes, camera, tripod. We weren’t having dialog or any sound being filmed so we didn’t need any sound equipment we also didn’t really mind if the actors wore different clothes so we didn’t have to worry about them wearing the same clothes.We didn’t need that many props or equipment compared to big film productions like Harry Potter. For filming Harry Potter they needed a lot of props, costumes and filming equipment. They had to supply all the extras and children with the school uniform so that is hundreds of costumes. Then they had to make a wand for extras and characters if they were going to be seen in that shot. For filming they needed to have cameras, cranes, dollies, microphone/over standing mic’s and lighting.
Time
For our filming we had a week to complete all the filming and then we had two weeks to do complete the editing and all the paperwork. If a professional media industry was not to meet deadlines then they would lose money because they will have to push their release date to give room to catch up with the work that they are behind in. If they go over their deadlines they will lose money because they will have to push their release deadline back to gain up on time and then they will have to add on dates for hiring equipment out. Then they have the issue of trying to find permission to film on locations and they have to hire the actors for longer depending on what scenes they still need to film. Also not meeting the deadlines the editing team will have to wait for all the filming to be done to then try and fit the all the editing in the remain time slot or run over costing the products more for having to keeping the editors longer than they should. We just made it because we had to wait for the masks to be delivered which came a day later than they should of. But the filming stuck to the deadlines and the editing was done by the deadline, all the paperwork was also completed by the deadline.
In the pre-production process it is a very important step to making a moving image production.
We have produced a 90 second film for our depict task. Depict is a website which gives filmmakers a platform to get their work out there. Our idea for the depict task is the idea of not having an identity, that everyone is different. We showed this by putting everybody in plain white masks which shows that they are all seen as the same but one person paints on their mask to make them different from everybody else. We distributed it via YouTube. We need to do pre-production because it allows us to know what we need to do like what the storyline is about and how we are going to represent it. What type of film we are going to do like stop motion, animation, silent movie or a film with dialog. In the pre-production we also create a storyboard to allow us to visually see what each shot is going to be like. It also allows us to see if the shot will be a pan or a static shot. We create a date sheet to make it clear what scenes we are going to film on that day and it also helps us stick to a deadline so we don’t run over the date. In pre-production we also had to fill out a location recce to show that we can film on that location if it is someone’s house or property, if you are film in the street or a public area you don’t need to get permission to film there. We also need to get permission from actors if they are a minor. Pre-production is needed in the filming process because it helps us have the right permission to film in locations, have actors, have the right props and costumes, camera equipment and have the right staff.
Types of production
There are different media product like stop motion animation, clay animation, cartoon animation/CGI, TV soaps, documentaries, drama, S.I.T com, adverts, media / film. Some examples of these moving images is cartoon animation is Brave by Disney, clay animation is Wallace and Gromit by Nick Park of Aardman Animations and Drama movie the titanic by James Cameron. For Brave and titanic they were distributed via the cinema, adverts via social media and posters. But for Wallace and Gromit they created four short movies and one feature length film because it mainly a British tv films they didn’t go mainstream so they were distributed via the BBC TV. There is multiple way of distributing short film or movie. You can distribute it via social media like YouTube or depict which is a platform for creators to get their work out there. They could also distributed their work via DVD or via the cinema and then getting it put on DVD. Some producers think it would be a better idea to go straight onto DVD and completely miss going into the cinema but others like marvel know that people would go into cinema to see their movies so it is a better investment for them to put their movies into cinema.
Funding
To produce a film there needs to be a source of finance funding because it’s not free to create a film. There are costs involved, examples of what will cost an production is props/costume, hair and makeup, SFX, explosions, green screens, locations which also includes getting residents for the actors, stunt doubles and crew members, sets/staging, paying the actors, loaning equipment like cameras, sound and lighting, cranes/ technicians, runners and dolly runners. These can be funded by production companies, private investors, Hollywood productions, crowdfunding, sponsors, self-funding, public money, organisations, national lottery, BFI (British Film Institute). The BFI and funded movies like sunshine on Leith. Wallace and Gromit was funded by DreamWorks animation and Aardman Animations. It is big in british tv but it didn’t go further afield. An example of a self-funded movie is the Blair witch project, this mean that they couldn’t have a big crew or fanatic filming equipment so they had Daniel Myrick and Eduardo Sanchez write, direct and edit the film. They entered their film into Sundance Film Festival due to its successful run at Sundance; Artisan Entertainment brought the distribution right to the film for $1.1 million which was released in North America and reached a wider audience gaining it success. Disney is a big company which produces and invests in loads of different films and film companies like marvels. They have broughts rights to the marvels films. This is why there is a lot of advertisement and for them to go into cinema and then on dvds because they know that they will break even and make a profit.
Requirements
We had to obtain our Depict project by making sure we had the masks, paints to paint the masks, paintbrushes, camera, tripod. We weren’t having dialog or any sound being filmed so we didn’t need any sound equipment we also didn’t really mind if the actors wore different clothes so we didn’t have to worry about them wearing the same clothes.We didn’t need that many props or equipment compared to big film productions like Harry Potter. For filming Harry Potter they needed a lot of props, costumes and filming equipment. They had to supply all the extras and children with the school uniform so that is hundreds of costumes. Then they had to make a wand for extras and characters if they were going to be seen in that shot. For filming they needed to have cameras, cranes, dollies, microphone/over standing mic’s and lighting.
Time
For our filming we had a week to complete all the filming and then we had two weeks to do complete the editing and all the paperwork. If a professional media industry was not to meet deadlines then they would lose money because they will have to push their release date to give room to catch up with the work that they are behind in. If they go over their deadlines they will lose money because they will have to push their release deadline back to gain up on time and then they will have to add on dates for hiring equipment out. Then they have the issue of trying to find permission to film on locations and they have to hire the actors for longer depending on what scenes they still need to film. Also not meeting the deadlines the editing team will have to wait for all the filming to be done to then try and fit the all the editing in the remain time slot or run over costing the products more for having to keeping the editors longer than they should. We just made it because we had to wait for the masks to be delivered which came a day later than they should of. But the filming stuck to the deadlines and the editing was done by the deadline, all the paperwork was also completed by the deadline.
Personnel
There are different types of teams in different productions like for a low budget film like The ‘Blair witch project’ they had a camera person, sound man and editors which doubled up as directors. They didn't have the funding to afford the correct people to do other work so they had to make do with what they had. they allocated the best people to certain jobs such as their directors were also the editor because they knew how they wanted the films outcome was going to be because they were the ones to direct each scene. But other products like a television programme like ‘Grey's Anatomy’ will have camera person, sound people, hair/makeup, editors, directors, story writers, stunt coordinators. Due to the budget the have and because they can afford the correct people who are the best at what they do. Smaller program they may not be able to afford as much as others and also others may not be as dramatic and may not need as much as others which include big fires, explosions due to their story or their budget and getting the correct people for the job. A Hollywood feature film will have the best of the best crew. They would have staff that had the correct skill level that they want it that certain area. So if they were making an animation they would have the best animators on the team they would have a bunch of new people who weren't completely sure of what they were doing. They can do this because they have the funding and budget to do this. Other Hollywood featured films that would need stunt coordinators would have the best in that areas because the stunts tend to be slightly risky and the production would want it to go as well as it could to prevent any accidents and prevent any chance of suing.
In our group we allocated group to jobs which each of us would be best at so for filming we allocated Sam and Josh because they were the best at using the camera.
director was Sam because he was good a director the actors and creating the scene, he was confident and knew what he wanted.
Story boarding was allocated to me because I'm taking A-level art and had the best art skills out of the group so i was the best choice for this role. i also did the painting of the masks due to me taking the role of the artist.
Actress was allocated to Eleanor because she is taking drama and is the best at acting in our group.
The editor role went to Josh because he felt most comfortable with editing.
We also allocated some jobs that we may not of wanted or was the best at but due to their only being four of us the production we were restricted and had to do jobs that we may not of wanted or was the best at.
Facilities
To obtain equipment in the professional production is that they hire their equipment for hire companies which hire out camera equipment, sound equipment. Professionals use hire houses because it is much cheaper and smarter way of going about filming because once they have finished filming there is no need for the equipment so it would go to waste. If they were to buy it new it would be a lot more expensive that way instead of hiring. Hiring is easier because you can hire all the necessary for a set period of time and once the deadline is over it all goes back. The nearest media facility house is called the “The Hall” it is located in Oxford. They offer full post production process from ingesting and digitising, they also offer online and offline editing, audio mixing to transcoding and voiceover recordings, graphics and final delivery which includes hard testing and AQC depending on if it is on tape or file. They also have licensed drone filming and photography. They have cameras, crew and in-house radio and TV studio. I couldn’t find any information about pricing on their website but some examples on films which they have been used for is ‘Boxtrolls’ by Laika they used The Hall for audio; ‘Shed and Buried’ used The Hall for post-production and Broadcast.
The equipment which was available for our Depict project was cameras, tripods, sound equipment, studio and editing equipment. We only used the camera, tripod, studio and editing software because we weren’t having any audio being filmed it’s being added in post-production so we didn’t need to use the sound equipment.
Gathering materials
Other materials that may be needed in the making off a moving image text is music/sound effects will be needed in the production of their moving image text. The music can be obtained by websites which hold non-copyrighted music for example BenSound and Soundcloud they both allow users to download and use non-copyrighted music. Also materials that may be needed in production is other existing media such as photos or film/video footage. To obtain this it needs to be safe for copyright productions could ask permission to use the material by the owner this may cost a fee to use it. There isn’t really room around this there is websites such as Pexels and Pixabay which productions can get copyright free images but if they are wanting to use a big film production clip it much harder to get rights to use it. Some productions will want to make pre-shots to see how the shot will turn out to see if it creates the effect they are going for, it allows them to understand and get the shot perfect once the filming begins. They may need to develop their final decisions because of the test shots.
The various types of materials that may be needed in production is: The equipment, crew, cast, music/sound effects and pre-production.
Financial considerations that they have to think about is if there is enough money in the budget to get the music or the people to do the test shooting. Is it worth the money to spend on the materials because it may not help the production or it may be a waste of money which could go to another area which could improve the outcome of the production.
Other people that contribute the production media text is screenwriters, art designers, screenwriters, production designer, costume designer, cinematographer and a music supervisor. In ‘les miserable’ they had to have music supervisor to direct and compose the music for the production of the film. They would also have costume designers because it was set in the 1789 during the French Revolution so they would have to design the costume to fit that time and era of time. They had to design costume for the rich and poor characters. The art designer had to design a set and create it to fit the period of time they couldn't use a modern day looking set because it wouldn't fit in with the story. Another example is ‘Star wars’ because it is a sci-fi film and all of it isn’t real so they have to design completely unique costumes, sets, props and music. Unlike Les miserable which costume and art designers could do research and see how they looked the production team of Star wars would have to talk to the story writer and produces to see and understand their image of how the costumes, props and sets are going to look like because it is a fantasy. They had to have music superiors to compose unique music that is supposed to sound like it’s out of this world in a different universe. But most big productions are able to hire and get teams of all these jobs but for a production that may not have the budget to hire these type of teams will have to a lot of these different areas themselves or have very small teams. Some may not have certain areas to save money like not having a music superior but having already composed music that is copyright free or getting an artist to sing a cover of a song or even get an artist to sing for the production to use in their film.
We filmed our short film in college grounds outside the building and also in the studio. To secure a location legally we had to fill out a location release which gives us permission to film on that location. We had to ask the correct people to sign the location release to allow us to work/film on college grounds and the studio. To do this we printed the form of the locations release then fill out the appropriate information and get the correct authority to sign the document.
Recces are when you go to seek locations before you film so you know where you need to get location releases. Location releases are getting permission to film in certain locations like if it was in someone’s house then you would need the owner's permission others like private land they will need to get a location release to film.
We pick specific locations to film our depict film because we had an idea of how our film was going to look and picking the location helps us with bring that idea to a reality. Having the location helps other members of the group understand and see how the idea is going to turn out. To help us pick the locations was in pre-production because we decide on the best location for our film and then we went scouting and took some photos of the areas that we were going to use.
The logistical issues we face was having all the team there and having the actors all there. We did have the issue with the actors because she was needed to do work and so it left us with an actor short. To overcome this issue was that we got another actor with the same colour hair because that was the only feature which was showing due to the actors wearing masks. But the issue with this is that there is a significant height difference in actors which creates a continuity error. Other logistical issues we faced was getting the mask in time because we first ordered them online to be delivered the next day but they didn't turn up so we had to find some at the shops but that pushed us back a couple of days which we could be shooting. But buy them we could film that day. We had issues with paint because when we painted it black the paint started cracking and flaking off so we had to re-paint it on shoot so the paint was still wet but we worked around it.
Codes of practice and regulation
A regulatory body is a professional body but not a member of an organisation and its primary activity is to protect the public. The regulatory body is exercised in regulation functions, for example: Imposing requirement, restrictions and conditions, setting standards in relation to any activity, securing compliance or enforcement.
OFCOM is a communication regulator it’s based in the UK. They regulate the TV, radio and video-on-demand sectors, fixed-line telecom, mobiles and postal services; wireless device operate. They ensure that people in the UK get the best from the community services and that they are protected from scams and sharp practices but also ensuring that competitions can thrive. They act under the act of parliaments under the Communications Act 2003. They have to act within the duties and powers which are set by Parliament in legislation. Their legal duties are to ensure that the UK has a high speed services such as broadband, a wide range of high quality TV’s and radio programmes which are provided and appealing to a wide range of tastes and interests of the public; To protect users of TV and radio’s from harmful or offensive materials.
The BBC is regulated by the OFT (Office of Fair Trading), OFCOM and the European Commission. The BBC is covered by OFCOM’s fairness code. This is different because the BBC is a broadcasting company whereas OFCOM is a company which protect the U.K. People from issues with their technology like scams. The BBC works under the code of OFCOM but is funded by people who pay for a TV license, OFCOM is funded by fees from industry, communications networks and grant-in-aid from the government.
The BBFC is the British board of film Classification. It is a non-governmental organisation which is funded by the film industry. Its function is to classification and censorship films exhibitions at cinemas and video works which is like TV programmes, adverts and trailers. The BBFC is when they put an age certificate on a DVD to say if it is a 12a or an 18 certificate.
The regulation of moving images products distribution via the internet is that certain internet companies like YouTube does not allow certain materials to be uploaded or published on their website for example they do not allow pornography, violence or dangerous or illegal acts to be uploaded to their website. There is no legal regulations of online videos so it mean that people can upload whatever they want depending on where they upload it too this means that video/film makers can get their work out their via the internet very easily but there will also be materials that are offensive and illegal. But due to the internet be worldwide and accessible to most people it is very hard to keep offensive materials off the internet. Things that are illegal in the UK are still illegal online such as racial hatred and blasphemy but due to a lot of it being from other countries it’s hard for the police to apply any laws to it or to prevent it from happening. The EU have scaled back on its plans to restrict the materials users are able to see, so if parents want to keep their young children from see explicit content they can activate parental filters on their devices prevent the children from accessing unsuitable websites. Mainstream users will continue to regulate themselves or asking their audience to report offensive materials. But overall it is extremely hard to prevent people watching what they want and uploading what they want.
The OFCOM regulations is to allow a wide range of electronic communication services available to all UK residents. Their regulation is to protect the members of the UK public from offensive or harmful materials in TV and radio. It also protects views on the internet from offensive or harmful content.
The BBFC regulation is too classify films in the U.K. They certify movie to see if the movie is suitable for a child to see or if it is targeted at an older group. They see what kind of content the movie holds and then puts the age they think is suitable for that movie. They see if there is offensive or harmful content such as bad language, nudity, sex, threat, violence, discrimination, drugs and imitable behaviour. If a film contain that type of content then they will put a higher classification on it to protect children from see that content. An example of this is ‘Saw’ it’s a horror which contains a lot of blood and gory which may upset young views are isn’t suitable for children to see so the BBFC has put an 18 certificate which means only 18 and older viewers can watch it in cinemas and can purchase it on DVD. An example of a film which is certify as U (Universal) ‘Trolls’ being classified as universal means it is suitable for all ages, there is not controversial material in it and under the BBFC guidelines it is suitable for young children to see it. If parents want to show a child that is under the age certificate and own the DVD of that film then they can but if they try and take a person who is under that age limit to the cinema they may be denied access; due to cinemas act under the BBFC guidelines.
I’ve learnt that a lot of video content can be found and uploaded on the internet easily and that it is hard to keep and protect younger views from seeing that content but the internet helps filmmakers get their work out there and potentially get a producer on board with the production. Having easy access to upload content helps us with our depict task because we are able to upload our film to YouTube and get our work out there and understand how the media works. We have to learn to use copyright free music and content because it being uploaded to YouTube means if we were to use copyrighted music our video could be done for copyright. So it helps us learn and understand what the production team have to understand and be conscious of.
A trade union is an organized workers in the trade, group of traders, profession, which is formed to protect and further their right and interest of an industry/product. Their main aim is protect and advance interest of its members. The union often negotiates the agreements with its employers on pay and conditions. They may also provide legal and financial advice, education facilities to the members and sickness benefits.
A trade union is and organisation of workers who come together to complete/reach and common goal. They are important because they will raise wages above the competition, this would reduce the economic efficiency and increase the inequality which raise the wages of the highly skilled workers.
PACT is production trade body. They trade association with representing the commercial interest of the UK. They help to get the best possible regulatory and legislative environment for the independent BECTU is the uk's media and entertainment trade union.
A trade association is an organization founded and funded by a business that operates in a specific industry. For example bima is known as a trade association because they are a team which allows the british community to join and bring new ideas and products and help people to succeed across the digital industry. They give people the opportunity for apprenticeship and to learn about the digital industry to earn a living. Another example of a trade association is the british council film they promote, protect and represent its members who produce/distribute multi-format pre-recorded film entertainment for rent or sale to the british public.
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